Since its invention in Europe in the 1920s, fine blanking technology has gone through more than 80 years. It is one of the most important precise plastic forming methods in the field of thick plate manufacturing. It is a method of producing large-scale, high-quality, multi-functional ferrous metal and non-ferrous metal parts with high technical content and good economic benefits. Precision stamping machine completes a stamping process, through the special precision stamping die processing, it will produce one or more parts with high precision, can be directly used for assembly parts, has been widely used in electronics, computers, electricity, household appliances, automobiles and aviation and other fields. According to incomplete statistics, 40 countries around the world have adopted fine blanking technology, there are about 4500 fine blanking machines, producing about 1000 kinds of parts. For example, there are nearly 100 kinds of precision stamping parts on a car, including gearbox fork, seat and seat belt adjuster, planetary gear, brake shoe and steel back. Such
During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, China's precision stamping die technology has made great progress, and a series of scientific research achievements have been made in precision stamping process, materials, precision stamping machine, die base, die and lubrication. By the end of 2008, nearly 20 provinces and municipalities in China had professional fine blanking production equipment, a total of more than 80 precision punching machines (excluding hydraulic die holders), more than 5,000 fine blanking practitioners, about 2,000 kinds of precision blanking parts, and has formed a number of independent fine blanking die development demonstration bases. Metal material expands from non-ferrous metal blanking to black metal blanking. The blanking thickness of low carbon steel, low alloy steel and stainless steel reaches 12 mm; the blanking thickness of non-ferrous metals such as aluminum alloy and copper alloy reaches 18 mm; with the improvement of die materials and processing methods and the perfection and popularization of spheroidizing treatment process of punched sheet metal, some harder high carbon steel, high alloy steel and other low toughness materials Such as nickel based or cobalt based alloy materials are also used to produce fine blanking parts. In addition, the proportions of self-developed progressive compound precision blanking die, transfer die and modular die in domestic precision blanking die have been significantly increased, especially for complex parts of automotive transmission system. The research, development and application of finite element numerical simulation technology, die structure optimization technology, intelligent design of precision blanking die and knowledge base technology have enhanced and enriched the technical connotation of precision blanking die in China. However, at present, fine blanking enterprises are generally small in scale, scattered resources, low production efficiency, shortage of talents and incomplete matching. Although it has a certain development ability in the development of precision blanking die, it is still lack of experience in the development direction of complex precision blanking die, especially precision blanking compound forming die, and imported die still occupies a large proportion.Generally speaking, there is still a certain gap between China's precision blanking technology and the advanced countries (such as Switzerland), for example, the application of precision blanking technology in the manufacturing industry is not popular enough, the system design and manufacture technology and theory of the mold, the matching equipment related to precision blanking, the fine oil, the process and the measuring equipment are more different, which is needed. Vigorously promote and develop mold technology. The main gap between China and the international advanced level.
Die 1. die stamping die life expectancy
At present, the main gap between precision punching die at home and abroad is low life. The life of one-time grinding of precision blanking dies in advanced countries is generally more than 40,000 times for steel plate materials, and the total life of dies is more than several hundred thousand times. At home, only 50% of foreign countries. The prominent problem affecting die life is die material and heat treatment quality. At present, because of the high price of imported die steel, domestic die steel is still mostly used in the case of low output. However, the poor quality of domestic die steel, forging and heat treatment and other process control and quality instability lead to a great difference in the overall die life. Such
2. fine blanking materials
_fine blanking material is one of the core elements of fine blanking technology. The fine blanking requires uniform material and moderate hardness. In order to achieve this goal, spheroidizing annealing should be carried out before fine blanking, and the spheroidizing rate should reach more than 95%; but most of the domestic materials are difficult to meet the requirements, and the spheroidizing rate of spheroidizing annealing can only reach 50% ~ 90%. For die materials, the current die materials in the punching and cutting can basically meet the requirements of fine blanking, but for extrusion forming, die materials of high strength and high toughness can not meet the requirements at the same time. The properties (chemical composition and mechanical properties) and tolerances of domestic precision blanking sheet metal materials are worse than those of imported materials. In addition, because the material purchasing quantity required by the batch production can not reach the "minimum batch" required by the steel mill, the raw materials have to be purchased at a high price or imported from abroad for a long time: these factors lead to the increase of the cost of fine blanking parts, forcing many enterprises to replace the fine blanking products with ordinary metal plates or simple fine blanking, affecting the fine blanking products. Market development. In addition, the research on fine blanking materials in advanced countries has developed from ordinary materials to high strength fine blanking materials. The tensile strength reaches 900N/m_. The fine blanking of high hardness materials has become possible. Such
Design of 3. fine blanking die
In order to improve the production efficiency, continuous fine blanking die has occupied a leading position in the world, reaching over 70%, the production efficiency has reached 100 pieces per minute, and the quality of fine blanking parts has reached millions of zero defects. At present, China has certain ability of fine blanking die design and development. However, the domestic fine blanking industry is still lack of experience in the design and development of complex fine blanking dies, especially the fine blanking compound forming dies. Some enterprises have accumulated certain technology for certain specific products, but there is still a big gap between the overall level of foreign advanced. Domestic self-matching rate is less than 80%, of which the supply of medium and low-grade molds exceeds demand, and the self-matching rate of medium and high-grade molds is less than 60%. In addition, compared with foreign countries, domestic die life is generally low, generally 1 / 3 abroad. The reasons include the design of fine blanking die, the material of fine blanking die, the manufacturing precision of fine blanking die, the precision of fine blanking machine, lubricating oil and the systematicness of fine blanking manufacturing process. It
Manufacturing of 4. fine blanking dies
Research on the manufacturing technology of_fine blanking die has accumulated a large number of proprietary technologies in the world, especially in a century-old factory. The technology accumulation has reached the expert level. In China, there are still a long way to go in terms of the accumulation of proprietary technology. In addition, the surface quality of precision blanking die is very important to the working performance and service life of the die. Especially for the complicated and high precision precision precision blanking parts of the drive and transmission system of high-grade cars, the surface treatment technology of the die cavity has been paid more attention in China, but the technology and the advanced countries abroad are also obvious. The gap. Such
5. die design stamping analysis capability.
_The research on finite element numerical simulation technology and simulation verification technology of precision blanking die force analysis has reached a high level abroad, and has been applied to design and verification of precision blanking die, and to optimize die structure. Although some universities and research institutes in China have carried out basic research in this area, there are still some gaps in the application of these technologies.6. basic research teams.
Since the advent of fine blanking technology, fine blanking has always attracted the attention of scholars with its unique plastic forming method. At present, some universities and scientific research institutes have maintained more in-depth research on fine blanking technology and die technology, but there is still a big gap compared with the international advanced level. Internationally, the Federation of Fine Blanking Research Universities initiated by Swiss FEINTOOL has joined five research institutes, namely, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Germany, RWTHAachen, TUMunich, USA. Ohio State University (OSU) of Russia and Shanghai Jiaotong University of China are active research teams of fine blanking technology in the world. Such
7. die standardization.
_The international standard for precision blanking dies is the German Association of Engineers standard VDI 3345 (Feinschneiden). Foreign fine blanking enterprises, such as FEINT00L, Switzerland (VDl3345), have formed enterprise standards on the basis of VDl3345, and partially disclosed. At present, China's main fine blanking enterprises according to VDl3345 and Switzerland's Fayntur company standards related to the formulation of standards. In order to enhance the overall ability of China's precision blanking die industry and promote the development of industry standards, it is particularly important to formulate the national or industrial standards of China's precision blanking die in the context of comprehensive international standards and the actual development of China's precision blanking die industry. Such
8..
Overseas fine blanking equipment and fine blanking technology have developed synchronously for several hundred years, especially Finetool, Switzerland, which is in the forefront of fine blanking industry. Its fine blanking equipment, technology and accessories and fine blanking oil rank in the world. In recent years, the fine blanking equipment in Japan has gradually risen, occupying a large part of the middle-end market of fine blanking equipment, and China is almost blank in this regard. Such
Future development goals and main tasks
___The development goal of precision blanking die in the future in China is to meet the needs of the domestic precision blanking parts market. Starting from the design and manufacture of continuous precision blanking die, the scale of precision blanking die industry will be enhanced, the manufacturing capacity will be continuously expanded, and the ability of self-destructive complex precision blanking die will be improved, the research of digital precision blanking die and the development of underwater and precision blanking It has made remarkable progress with the rational application and surface treatment technology of precision blanking die. It has made great efforts to improve the technology level of precision blanking die in enterprises, narrow the gap with the international advanced level, and make the domestic precision blanking parts widely used. Such
Key points and major issues of future product and technology development
1. Research on Key Technologies of design and manufacture of complex fine blanking die for complex parts
The continuous fine blanking die for complex parts is the advanced basic technology of fine blanking technology. Taking synchronizer gear ring, clutch piece, longitudinal composite continuous fine blanking process and continuous fine blanking die for complex parts as breakthrough points, the key technology of fine blanking die design and manufacturing is studied, which can realize the rapid improvement of fine blanking die technology in China and shorten the gap with advanced countries as soon as possible. Such
Research on life improvement and key technologies of die 2. die punching die
_die life is a comprehensive reflection of die materials, small craft and the level of supporting products. Taking the life of precision blanking die as a key technical problem can not only solve the problem of low life of precision blanking die urgently needed in China, but also promote the technical development of die materials, precision blanking process, supporting tooling and other auxiliary products. Such
Research and development of composite technology for 3. fine blanking and precision forging
Precision blanking and precision forging are two advanced manufacturing technologies developed in parallel. Precision blanking is too thick and needs precision forging. Precision blanking is necessary if the precision forging is too thin. They are closely related. The basic idea of developing precision forging-precision blanking composite process is to find the combination point of the two processes (such as gear parts with hub and cam parts with short shaft). However, the precision forging in China has a long history and the level is very high, so it is a good way to improve the overall level of precision blanking technology in China.
